The boot sector starts quite interesting: copying code to address 8 and executing it there. The format of the disk is different, but not special: sector 1 in the track is 512 bytes long, sector 2-6 are each 1024 bytes long. 5632 bytes per track out of possible 6250 bytes, pretty good capacity on a double sided disk. The trick is that the last 1024 byte sector starts at the end of the track and extends for more than 500 bytes over the index marker. The first sector is packed right after the sector at the beginning. The tracks 75..79 are not used. Strangely on the back side Track 79 contains an empty 512 sector, which does not seem to be part of the protection.
Track 7 to 10 contain the actual protection. The test starts in track 7 and tests the protection, if it fails it continous till track 10 to find a valid protection. If it fails on all 4 tracks, it erases the memory till it crashes…
The usual 6 sectors exist in these tracks, but they also contain sector 0 and 16 in different positions (the position is not tested). They are supposed to be each 1024 bytes long, but they only have an address mark plus the sector header and can not be read without a CRC error. The reason for this is interesting and István Fábián figured out what is going on the the actual disk medium! http://www.atari-forum.com/viewtopic.php?f=47&t=19948&start=25
Track 7: sector order: 5,3,6, 0,16, 1,4,2 Track 8: sector order: 0,16, 1,4,2,5,3,6 Track 9: sector order: 5,3,6, 0,16, 1,4,2 Track 10: sector order: 0,16, 1,4,2,5,3,6
Sector 0 starts with the following data, as you can see it clearly contains the sector header of sector 16! You can also see four weird bytes: 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x00. These bytes are actually 3 sync markers 0xa1 and another sector header 0xfe, but shifted by one bit and the FDC will re-sync to them when trying to read sector 16. And because data bits and clock bits are interleaved, the re-sync will now actually read the clock bits instead of the data bits! The protection therefore reads the data bits via sector 0 (re-sync is disabled after a 0xFE is found for 1024 bytes plus CRC) and then the clock bits via sector 16.
0000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0010 A1 A1 A1 FE 07 00 10 03 BB 21 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E .........!NNNNNN 0020 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E 4E NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN 0030 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE 14 14 14 00 ................ 0040 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF ................ 0050 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 ................ 0060 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
The DMA read code ignores the first 64 bytes, which is a gap and the re-sync for the sector 16. The following 16 bytes have to contain 0xFF bytes and other 32 bytes have to have more than 204 cleared bits (out of 256 possible bits).
Sector 16 (the clock bits) starts with the following data:
0000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0010 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 @............... 0020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
The first 16 bytes have to contain 0x00 bytes and other 32 bytes have to have more than 204 cleared bits (out of 256 possible bits), because of clock drift the FDC probably can randomly read a 1 instead of a 0.
copyProtection:
MOVEM.L A0-A6/D0-D7,-(A7)
MOVE.L #$100000,D0
L056B:SUBQ.L #1,D0 ;delay
BNE.S L056B
MOVE SR,-(A7)
BTST #5,(A7)
BNE.S L056C
CLR.L -(A7)
MOVE.W #$20,-(A7) ;SUPER
TRAP #1
MOVE.L D0,2(A7)
L056C:MOVE #$2700,SR
BSR clearKeyboard
LEA $FFFF8000.W,A4 ;ffff8000
LEA 1549(A4),A3 ;ffff860d
LEA 1542(A4),A2 ;ffff8606
LEA 1540(A4),A1 ;ffff8604
LEA 31233(A4),A0 ;fffffa01
MOVEQ #5,D0
BSR selectFloppy
MOVE.W #$82,(A2) ;track register
BSR fdcDelay
MOVE.W (A1),D0
ANDI.W #$FF,D0
MOVE.W D0,-(A7) ;current track
MOVE.W #$80,(A2)
MOVEQ #$01,D2
BSR fdcCommand ;Restore
MOVEQ #7,D7 ;start with track 7
L056D:MOVE.W D7,D2
BSR fdcSeek
BSR checkSectors
TST.W D6
BPL.S L056F
ADDQ.W #1,D7
CMPI.W #10,D7 ;up to track 10
BLE.S L056D
LEA $80000,A7
L056E:CLR.L -(A7) ;erase everything and crash...
BRA.S L056E
L056F:MOVE.W (A7)+,D2 ;current track
BSR fdcSeek
L0570:MOVE.W (A1),D0 ;wait for motor off
TST.B D0
BMI.S L0570
MOVEQ #7,D0
BSR selectFloppy ;deselect drive
BSR.S clearKeyboard
MOVE.W (A7)+,D0
CMPI.W #$20,D0 ;supervisor mode active?
BNE.S L0571
MOVEA.L (A7)+,A0
MOVE.W (A7)+,D0
MOVE A7,USP ;back to user mode
MOVEA.L A0,A7
L0571:MOVE D0,SR
MOVEM.L (A7)+,A0-A6/D0-D7
BRA copyProtectionReturn
clearKeyboard
MOVEQ #$FF,D0
L0573:BTST #0,$FFFFFC00.W
BEQ.S L0574
MOVE.B $FFFFFC02.W,D0
BRA.S clearKeyboard
L0574:DBF D0,L0573
RTS
checkSectors:
MOVEQ #4,D6 ;5 tries
checkSectorsTries:
MOVEQ #0,D1 ;sector 0
MOVEQ #4,D5 ;skip 5 DMA buffer (one empty at the beginning)
LEA -128(A7),A5 ;base address
BSR readSector
MOVEQ #15,D0
L0577:CMPI.B #$FF,(A5)+ ;16 0xFF bytes have to be at the beginning of the buffer
BNE.S checkSectorsFailed
DBF D0,L0577
BSR countClearedBits
CMPI.W #$CC,D0 ;at least 204 cleared bits have to be in the buffer
BLT.S checkSectorsFailed
MOVEQ #16,D1 ;sector 16
MOVEQ #0,D5 ;skip 1 DMA buffer (which is empty anyway)
LEA -64(A7),A5 ;base address
BSR readSector
MOVEQ #15,D0
L0578:TST.B (A5)+ ;16 0x00 bytes have to be at the beginning of the buffer
BNE.S checkSectorsFailed
DBF D0,L0578
BSR.S countClearedBits
CMPI.W #$CC,D0 ;at least 204 cleared bits have to be in the buffer
BGE.S checkSectorsSuccess
checkSectorsFailed:
DBF D6,checkSectorsTries
checkSectorsSuccess:
RTS
;count the number of cleared bits in 32 bytes
countClearedBits:
MOVEQ #0,D0
MOVEQ #31,D1
L057C:MOVEQ #7,D2
L057D:BTST D2,(A5)
BNE.S L057E
ADDQ.L #1,D0
L057E:DBF D2,L057D
ADDQ.L #1,A5
DBF D1,L057C
RTS
readSector:
MOVE.L A5,D0
MOVE.B D0,(A3)
LSR.W #8,D0
MOVE.B D0,1547(A4) ;set the DMA address
SWAP D0
MOVE.B D0,1545(A4)
MOVE.W #$90,(A2)
MOVE.W #$190,(A2) ;read
MOVE.W #$90,(A2)
MOVEQ #$10,D2
BSR fdcWriteD2 ;16*512 byte
MOVE.W #$84,(A2)
MOVE.W D1,D2 ;sector number
BSR fdcWriteD2
MOVE.W #$80,(A2)
BSR fdcDelay
MOVE.W #$80,(A1) ;read sector
;5+3 DMA buffer = 128 bytes
L0580:MOVEM.L (A5),D0-D3 ;read original bytes from the buffer
SUBQ.W #1,D5 ;5 DMA buffers
BMI.S L0582
MOVE.W A5,D4
L0581:CMP.B (A3),D4 ;DMA low unchanged?
BEQ.S L0581 ;wait!
MOVEM.L D0-D3,(A5)
LEA 16(A5),A5
BRA.S L0580
L0582:MOVEQ #2,D1
L0583:MOVE.B (A3),D0
L0584:CMP.B (A3),D0 ;wait for DMA low to change 3 times
BEQ.S L0584
DBF D1,L0583
MOVE.W #$50,(A2)
MOVE.W #$150,(A2) ;just weird...
MOVE.W #$50,(A2)
BRA fdcWait
RTS
selectFloppy:
MOVE.B #$E,2048(A4)
MOVEQ #$F8,D1
AND.B 2048(A4),D1
OR.B D0,D1
MOVE.B D1,2050(A4)
RTS
fdcSeek:
MOVE.W #$86,(A2)
BSR.S fdcWriteD2
MOVE.W #$80,(A2)
MOVEQ #$11,D2
fdcCommand:
BSR.S fdcWriteD2
fdcWait:
BTST #5,(A0)
BNE.S fdcWait
RTS
fdcWriteD2:
BSR.S fdcDelay
MOVE.W D2,(A1)
fdcDelay:
MOVEQ #$7F,D3
L058B:DBF D3,L058B
RTS
copyProtectionReturn:
RTS